What happens when mild steel particles become embedded under the oxide film?

When mild steel particles become embedded under the oxide film, the protection provided by the oxide layer is compromised. The oxide film typically acts as a barrier that prevents further oxidation and corrosion of the underlying steel. If mild steel particles are trapped under this layer, they can lead to localized corrosion issues, as these particles may not be as resistant to corrosion as the oxide film. This results in the surface no longer being able to effectively resist corrosion, making it more vulnerable to rust and degradation. Therefore, the integrity of the protective oxide layer is essential for maintaining resistance to environmental factors that cause corrosion.